BEDC commits to advancing children s rights in BARMM
MARAWI CITY, Nov. 13 -In line with the celebration of National Children's Month, the Bangsamoro Government continuously implements advocacy campaigns on children's rights and on-site provision of s.....»»
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3 dead, 592 others afflicted with measles in BARMM since January
Three children in the Bangsamoro region died from measles in the past 10 weeks while 592 others contracted the viral, supposedly vaccine-preventable disease during the period, regional officials reported on Saturday......»»
4 more agencies join BARMM anti-child labor campaign
Four more Bangsamoro ministries have joined the inter-agency bloc addressing child labor and use of children in the autonomous region as combatants......»»
Japan grants P281M to farm-to-school meals project in BARMM
The Farm-to-School Meals project of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) links smallholder farmers and fisherfolk with primary schools to provide school children in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) with nutritious meals......»»
22 families receive anti-child labor grant from BARMM government
At least 22 families in Cotabato City with children employed as laborers received an initial cash assistance as a startup fund for small entrepreneurial projects that can generate extra income and prevent forced employment of underage family members......»»
‘Palestinian children should be killed’
No, that heartless advice did not come from a mentally deranged man or an ordinary man on the street. It came from a top Filipino diplomat who has worn many hats in government. He is in fact a lawyer, journalist, former Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador to the United Nations, Press Secretary, Congressman, and presently Philippine Ambassador to the Court of St. James’s (United Kingdom) and concurrently Special Envoy to China for special concerns. In my book, those bona fides could easily qualify him as a revered Filipino statesman — but for his indiscretion, uncouth words, and disrespect for the feelings of others. I refer, dear readers, to Teodoro Lopez Locsin Jr. I have to emphasize the descriptive word “Jr.” because, from accounts I have read, he is far different from his namesake, Teodoro Locsin Sr., who fought the Japanese and the dictatorial regime of Ferdinand Marcos Sr., a fearless publisher of the news magazine Philippines Free Press for which he was imprisoned during the Marcos martial law regime. Did the “apple fall far from the tree?” In his Twitter account, Locsin Jr. said: “That’s why Palestinian children should be killed: they might grow up to become as gullible as innocent Palestinians letting Hamas launch rockets at Israel ...They are Muslims...” In the diplomatic community, we call that a faux pas. Perhaps realizing the callousness of his gaffe, he immediately deleted the tweet with the following lame expression of mea culpa: “I immediately deleted my sarcastic response to a tweet as I realized it could be misconstrued ...My apologies to those who did misconstrue my sentiments and did, in fact, get triggered...” That statement did not wash away the disastrous effect of his slip. If one reads between the lines, they were subtle words to camouflage the booboo, not a real entreaty for clemency. His admission of his mistake, though, may work to mitigate the imprudence. Remarkably, the Department of Foreign Affairs, anticipating its far-reaching negative effect, disassociated itself from the statement, saying it was made in Locsin’s “personal capacity.” I wanted to distance this column from the ensuing uproar. But being the de facto medium for Filipino Muslims’ concerns and sentiments on political and social issues, it cannot default from its moral responsibility. I was afraid that repeating the obnoxious remark might gain traction — and psychologists warn about the “repetition-induced truth effect.” I did not want to dignify it. After all, he had shown remorse and apologized for the impropriety of his words, and, as a sage says, “There is no need to beat a dead horse.” But the storm of controversy has spread like wildfire in Morolandia that I have to add my voice of indignation. Silence amid the din of protest is a sin. I have not seen in a long time such a display of revulsion and rage from the Moros, reminiscent of the time foreign invaders came to their shores and, for 300 years, the Moros dug in, resisted, and repelled the hegemonistic colonization campaign. Muslim netizens promptly denounced the statement as xenophobic, insensitive, and unbecoming of a diplomat. Their protest and outcry reverberated from the halls of the Houses of Congress, the Regional Parliament of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao to the cramped temporary shanties of the Marawi war evacuees and the shores of the Sulu seas. For a single moment in their lives, the tribes of Morolandia set aside their tribal identities. They spoke in one thunderous voice, calling for a sanction for what they perceived was the misconduct of a diplomat who, to preserve his honor, must perform a Japanese seppuku or self-sacrifice by resigning from his post. Articulating the collective position of the Deputies of the BARMM interim Regional Parliament, Speaker Pangalian Balindong issued a public statement rich in a poignant message condemning the “insensitive and irresponsible social media post ...for its Islamophobic, racist, and anti-Semitic undertones.” (To be continued) amb_mac_lanto@yahoo.com The post ‘Palestinian children should be killed’ appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
3 high-ticket education bills filed at BARMM parliament
Local sectors support the three bills filed last week at the Bangsamoro parliament aiming to set up a high school in every barangay, a technical skills facility and an institution for "special children" in all municipal centers in the autonomous region......»»
BARMM needs to increase enrollment in basic education
The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao should work on increasing the number of enrollees in the basic education system. In a recent Senate hearing on the preparedness of basic education schools, Gatchalian lamented that BARMM has the lowest student participation rates nationwide. During the School Year 2020-2021, the BARMM’s participation rate in Kindergarten stood at 53 percent, notably lower than the nationwide average of 66 percent. Similarly, in elementary education, the BARMM’s regional participation rate was 69 percent as opposed to 89 percent nationwide. The region's participation rates in junior and senior high school further plummeted to 37 percent and 13 percent, respectively. In contrast, the nationwide participation rates for junior and senior high schools during SY 2020-2021 were considerably higher at 81 percent and 49 percent, respectively. Based on the average low cohort survival rate in BARMM, Gatchalian cited that for every 100 learners in the region who enter Grade 1, only 17 graduate from Grade 12. While only 51 graduate from senior high school for every 100 learners nationwide who enter Grade 1. "I believe that the first order of business in BARMM is to promote schooling and the second order is to retain learners in school,” he said, urging the officials: “Bring the kids to school and retain them.” Citing his recent discussions with BARMM governors, Gatchalian said it became apparent that many children in the region drop out of school to help out in their families' work on the farms. “They're forced to work at an early age because of poverty. But, of course, in the long run, the situation may not be conducive to their long-term well-being," said Gatchalian, who chairs the Senate Committee on Basic Education. Gatchalian previously pushed for an enhanced back-to-school program to increase enrollment in the Bangsamoro region. He also sought to strengthen the implementation of the Alternative Learning System in the area “to enhance the skills and abilities of the current working population” as well as out-of-school children and youth. The post BARMM needs to increase enrollment in basic education appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
Franco’s Spain: a long and haunting dictatorship
What was one of Europe's longest-running dictatorships comes under scrutiny on Friday as a victim of alleged torture by the forces of General Francisco Franco testifies for the first time in a Spanish court. AFP looks back at the dictator's repressive 36-year legacy, which continues to divide Spain nearly half a century after his death in 1975. Civil War Franco rose to power during the Spanish Civil War, which began in 1936 when he led a coup against the country's left-wing Republican government. A three-year battle for control of Spain ensued, pitting Franco's Nationalist rebels, backed by fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, against the Soviet-backed Republicans. The Nationalists won the conflict, which ended in 1939 with hundreds of thousands of dead. Among the killing sites was the Basque town of Guernica, which was bombed by German war planes -- an atrocity immortalised in a haunting painting of the same name by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. In his book "The Spanish Holocaust", historian Paul Preston estimated that 200,000 people died in combat during the conflict, and another 200,000 were murdered or executed -- 150,000 at the hands of the Nationalists. Atrocities were also committed by the Republican side. After WWII broke out, Franco held talks with Hitler on joining the Axis Powers but ultimately decided against direct military involvement. Executions and stolen babies Franco ruled for another three decades with the backing of the military and the Catholic Church. During his first five years in power, he executed tens of thousands of Republican prisoners and dumped their bodies in mass graves. Spain's prison population shot up, and half a million people fled the country as their property was seized. Newborns were snatched from opponents and poor families to be passed on to couples unable to have children, many of them close to Franco's regime. Campaigners estimate there were thousands of "stolen babies" over the decades. Reckoning with the past After Franco's death on November 20, 1975, King Juan Carlos succeeded him as head of state and led the transition from dictatorship to democracy. The authorities opted for a "pact of forgetting" over the dictatorship's crimes, to avoid a spiral of score-settling between Franco supporters and opponents. For decades, all attempts to bring Franco-era officials to justice were blocked. A major shift took place under Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, who has driven efforts to commemorate those who died or suffered violence or repression during the civil war and dictatorship. One of his most controversial moves was to remove Franco's remains from a vast hillside mausoleum north of Madrid that drew a steady stream of right-wing sympathizers and move them to a more discreet family tomb. Right-wing parties have accused Sanchez of needlessly dredging up the past and vowed to reverse a new law that commits the state to searching for victims of the dictatorship buried in unmarked graves. The post Franco’s Spain: a long and haunting dictatorship appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
BARMM flexes autonomous powers
In a move that will enhance its status as a political and administrative entity enjoying “home rule” privilege, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao will create eight barangays. These are what the Bangsamoro Organic Law referred to as “special geographical areas” that voted in a plebiscite to be part of the BARMM. The regional parliament has already passed the laws paving the way for a plebiscite for the purpose. Yes, Virginia, it has that power not granted to other local government units or LGUs. In fact, it is one of its core powers as an autonomous regional government. We welcome the move as it will cure the oddity of having LGUs belonging to the BARMM but outside its periphery. The proposed towns are inhabited by Muslim Maguindanaoans but incongruously located geographically in the adjacent province of Cotabato, a predominantly non-Muslim province. An echo from the past will help readers appreciate this narrative. These areas and most of the so-called “Empire Province of Cotabato” before they were gerrymandered were all inhabited by native Muslims who had ancestral titles over the land until they were displaced by the resettlement policy of the government. The government brought in people from Luzon and the Visayas (mostly Ilonggos) to settle, explore and partake of the natural resources of the verdant rich grounds of southwestern Mindanao. The diaspora of non-Muslim outliers was one of the triggers of the call for “Merdeka” or independence by Muslims that gave birth to the Moro National Liberation Front and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. It is relevant to cite these facts to inform one and all, especially the uninitiated, about the validity of the so-called “Moro cause” and the government’s response to vouchsafe autonomy in the form of the BARMM. The BARMM forerunner, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or ARMM, attempted to flex its autonomous power by creating, through a regional law passed by the Regional Legislative Assembly, the province of Shariff Kabunsuan carved out of Maguindanao. Unfortunately, this was struck down as illegal by the Supreme Court for being outside the ambit of the autonomous powers granted by law to the ARMM. It was a letdown to the crusaders for autonomy as a solution to the resilient “Moro problem.” This time the law is crystal clear about the power of BARMM to create and divide government units — a big leap towards genuine autonomy. Politics should not dominate the decision to create towns. The exercise of this power should be devoid of any suspicion of gerrymandering just to hand a political leader a fiefdom. I remember an anecdote about a political warlord, now deceased, who used to pacify his complaining children who had no town to reign over like their other siblings by saying that he would create a town for them as if it was his to hand over as a gift. This resulted in the proliferation of towns during the heyday of the family’s political power. The point we are trying to drive home is that the power to create LGUs should be exercised sparingly and wisely. While the law lays down criteria — like population, income, geography, etc. — there is the human factor that comes into play. This is a fact in Philippine politics. The BARMM should not yield to the bidding of party mates who are motivated by selfish interests and only want to solidify their power and perpetuate themselves in office. The present leadership of the BARMM knows this. And now that the BARMM-MILF has decided to come out of the jungle to slug it out with the dynastic politicians in democratic elections, they should temper the exercise of their power with caution and integrity. They owe it to the Moros, both living and martyred, to avoid the condescending and evil ways of traditional politicos. In the Marvel movie, Spiderman, the character Uncle Ben counseled Peter, the lead star, that “with great power comes great responsibility,” a medieval concept earlier popularized as noblesse oblige. BARMM leaders should take this principle to heart to canalize the exercise of their power. amb_mac_lanto@yahoo.com The post BARMM flexes autonomous powers appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
QC’s climate plans draw int’l funding
Quezon City has been selected to receive funding through the new Inclusive Climate Action Cities or ICA Fund which is administered by C40 Cities, a global network of cities that are united in action to confront the climate crisis. The ICA Fund will support Quezon City in providing information on the city’s climate action plan more accessible to people of all backgrounds, abilities, and age groups. The program includes creating an interactive storybook for children with disabilities. “I am proud to join other leading mayors in the world in advancing inclusive and equitable climate action with the support of C40’s new Inclusive Climate Action Fund,” said Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte. “In Quezon City, we recognize the need for inclusive and accessible information dissemination that caters to all residents, of all backgrounds, educational attainment and age groups, to better engage them in our climate action initiatives,” she added. The project will help put the needs of the youth and children with disabilities at the forefront of its design and delivery, the local executive added. The ICA Fund is C40’s first-ever fund for cities specifically focused on facilitating inclusive climate action and a just transition to a green economy. It supports science-driven, locally-led climate initiatives in cities around the world. Quezon City was selected alongside Bogotá, Dar es Salaam, Los Angeles, Vancouver, and Warsaw following a rigorous process that saw applications from over 30 cities globally. “Mayors recognize that there can be no climate justice without social justice and are already leading the way to achieve both in their cities,” said Sadiq Khan, mayor of London and chair of C40. However, more support is needed as the C40 Inclusive Climate Action Cities Fund seeks to provide more support to cities to implement specific projects that address social justice and the climate emergency in tandem. The six cities receiving the first round of funding reflect a commitment to expanding the Global Green New Deal program and supporting Global South cities in prioritizing climate action that tackles inequality. “With the rising cost of living globally and the increasing injustices of climate breakdown, residents around the world have a huge need for healthier, fairer, more sustainable and inclusive societies,” said Caterina Sarfatti of C40. “Inclusive and equitable climate action has never been so urgent and mayors are leading the way in showing what a just, green transition looks like in practice. By providing the necessary financial and technical support, C40’s ICA Fund is a concrete mechanism for them to further scale and accelerate delivery of inclusive climate action that specifically addresses the needs of vulnerable people,” she added. The ICA Fund is supported by the Open Society Foundations. The post QC’s climate plans draw int’l funding appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
DFA on Del Rosario: ‘Consummate diplomat, inspiring leader’
Former Foreign Affairs Secretary Albert del Rosario, who ushered the Philippines’ case against China in the 2016 landmark decision that cemented Manila’s claim over the West Philippine Sea, passed away at 83, the Department of Foreign Affairs announced Tuesday. In a statement, the DFA said Del Rosario died while en route to San Francisco in the United States. It did not elaborate further on the cause of the passing of the agency’s former chief. The DFA described Del Rosario as a “staunch advocate of protecting and advancing national security and promoting the rights and welfare of Filipinos both in the Philippines and abroad.” He joined the Cabinet of late President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III as DFA secretary from 2011 to March 2016. Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo also extended his condolences to the family of the country’s former top diplomat. “I extend my deepest condolences to the loved ones of Secretary Albert F. Del Rosario. He was a consummate diplomat and an inspiring leader who led the DFA with integrity and unwavering commitment to public service. You will be missed, Mr. Secretary,” said Manalo. 2016 Arbitral Ruling During his stint as the DFA chief, Del Rosario led the country’s arbitral case before the Hague-based court and challenged China’s historic nine-dash claim in the South China Sea. On 12 July 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration favored the Philippines’ claims in the West Philippine Sea – a landmark decision that the People’s Republic of China continues to reject. Even after his stint at the DFA ended, Del Rosario continued to speak against Chinese activities in the WPS, which earned the ire of Aquino’s successor, former President Rodrigo Duterte. Duterte and Del Rosario traded barbs at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2021, after the latter said that ranking Chinese officials helped the former president win in the 2016 elections. In response to Del Rosario’s allegation, the Duterte administration accused Del Rosario of being a “traitor” for ordering the withdrawal of Filipino ships during the 2012 standoff with China in Scarborough Shoal. The former DFA chief explained that he mistakenly believed that China would keep its promise to call off its ships in a deal that was brokered by the United States. Before taking the helm of the DFA under the Aquino administration, Del Rosario also served as Philippine Ambassador to the United States under former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo from 2001 to 2006. Diplomats pay tribute As the news spread about the passing of Del Rosario, the international community also expressed its condolences to the family of the former DFA chief. Czech Ambassador to the Philippines Jana Treybalová Šedivá said: “He was a source of inspiration and I learned so much from him.” “You will be missed also by Czech friends and colleagues, dear Albert,” she added. European Union Ambassador to the Philippines Luc Veron described Del Rosario as "soft-spoken" but an "indefatigable diplomat and patriot whose role in strengthening EU-Philippines relations was critical." Likewise, Japanese Ambassador to the Philippines Koshikawa Kazuhiko expressed his gratitude to Del Rosario for his contributions to the Philippines-Japan bilateral relations. “His contributions to the Philippines-Japan relationship as symbolized by the conferment of a Japanese Decoration last year and his leadership to uphold the rule of law in the sea will never be forgotten,” Koshikawa said. Last November, the Japanese government conferred on Del Rosario the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, citing him for becoming an “instrument” in building the Japan-Philippines bilateral relationship toward becoming a “strategic partnership”. “Especially, he has significantly contributed in ensuring the safety of ships navigating the waters around the Philippines by strengthening the maritime security relations between both nations,” it said. It also acknowledged Del Rosario’s role in the historic victory of the Philippines in the special arbitral tribunal that favored the country against the People’s Republic of China in 2016. The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded by the Emperor of Japan to individuals, both Japanese and foreign, in recognition of long and/or especially meritorious service. Australian Ambassador to the Philippines HK Yu also mourned the passing of Del Rosario, whom she described as a “good friend” to Australia. “Secretary Del Rosario will always be remembered for his support for UNCLOS and the rules-based international order,” YU said. Del Rosario is survived by his wife Gretchen and his children. The post DFA on Del Rosario: ‘Consummate diplomat, inspiring leader’ appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
‘Time doesn’t heal’: Ukraine’s war widows count the cost
Olga Slyshyk began to fear the worst in January this year when her husband, Mykhailo, a military engineer serving on the front line in eastern Ukraine, didn't contact her on her birthday. It wasn't unusual for the 40-year-old trained lawyer to be offline for days at a time, but Slyshyk knew he would reach out -- one way or another -- on January 14 if he was alive and well. "I was sure he would call or find some way to congratulate me. But I had had a very bad dream and I already knew something was wrong," she told AFP in Kyiv wearing black and holding her two-year-old son Viktor. "On January 15, I found out he had died." More than one year after Moscow invaded, Slyshyk is among a growing number of women widowed by Russian forces and left to count the cost of Ukraine's determination to hold out and push Moscow's invasion back. Neither side has disclosed the exact figures of troops killed, though recently leaked US intelligence documents suggest as many as 17,500 Ukrainian servicemen have been lost. Slyshyk said a social media group for war widows she joined had more than 300 members after her husband was killed defending Soledar in the eastern Donetsk region, but it had doubled in size since. President Volodymyr Zelensky last August hosted widows and their children at an honors ceremony to reassure next of kin their loved ones' sacrifice had not been in vain. "They will remain forever at battle. But they live on in the memory of their relatives," he said, greeting mourning women and their children one by one. Thirty-year-old Slyshyk, who was born in Mariupol -- a port city besieged and captured by Russian forces last spring -- said she often evokes the memory of her killed husband. "All the time. Both in my head and aloud. I'll be unable to open a tin can, weeping from frustration, and I cry out: 'Misha, I'm not even able to do this' and then suddenly, it opens." Daria Mazur, 41, said she learned of her husband's death in 2014 from graphic pictures of his bloodied corpse published on Russian media after fierce fighting with Kremlin-backed separatists. He was killed while withdrawing from Ilovaisk, an infamous and costly chapter of the conflict for Ukraine that saw hundreds killed that August as Kyiv troops pulled back in the face of advancing pro-Russian forces. "Time does not heal. You just get used to it. You accept it. You learn to live with it. And that pain just becomes a part of you," she told AFP in her kitchen in Kyiv, next to pictures showing her husband smiling with their child in his arms. They met on a beach in 2006, fell in love and married in 2010 in the southern region of Kherson, where Mazur fled from when Russia invaded last February. Her hometown is currently occupied by Russian forces. She said her final conversations with her husband, Pavlo, who was 30 when he was killed, betrayed a sense of foreboding. He knew the situation was precarious. "He told me: 'please promise me that no matter what happens to me, you will be happy,'" she recounted to AFP. "These guys are giving their lives so we can live on," she added, referring to Ukrainian servicemen fighting now. It was precisely this need to go on that pushed Oksana Borkun, who also lost her husband to the Russian invasion, to create "We Have to Live," an organization that supports widows -- the same group that Slyshyk joined. Borkun said that while the government offers financial and psychological support, she wanted to go a step further. "The girls face a huge amount of pain. You can say it's possible to go crazy from it. Life is going on around you, and you want to talk to those who understand." The organization gathers money for widows, offers logistical and moral support, too, but chiefly it provides a platform -- mainly online -- for already nearly one thousand widows country-wide to share. For Slyshyk, her husband's family has proven a stronger pillar of support than her own. Her mother, who is also a widow of two years, lives in Donetsk, a pro-Russian stronghold city captured by separatists in 2014 and does not support Ukraine in the war. The fact they have both lost their husbands has not brought them together, she said. Months after Mykhailo's death, Slyshyk is torn when weighing whether his sacrifice was worth it. "He said he was going there for me and Viktor," she recounted, explaining her husband believed Ukraine had no choice but to fight back and win. "But if you want me to be safe, to be ok, I need you by my side, not somewhere else," she added, swallowing back tears. "For now, I'm emotionally conflicted". The post ‘Time doesn’t heal’: Ukraine’s war widows count the cost appeared first on Daily Tribune......»»
EU, UNICEF expand humanitarian programs in BARMM
Stakeholders took as a vote of confidence for the Bangsamoro government the expansion of the peace and development efforts of the European Union and the United Nations Children's Fund in the autonomous region......»»
180 child labor victims get rehab support from BARMM
The Bangsamoro government has released a P20,000 rehabilitation support each to parents of 180 children engaged in child labor as part of a campaign to address such malpractice......»»
BARMM, WFP, FAO unveil 10-year Food Security and Nutrition roadmap
MARAWI CITY, Oct. 19 (PIA) - Aimed at advancing sustainable food security and nutrition in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, the regional government launched Friday, October 16, a first of its kind.....»»
BARMM partners with UK, UNICEF to strengthen COVID-19 response
MARAWI CITY, Oct. 15 (PIA) -Officials of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), United Kingdom, and the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) entered into a partne.....»»
UK, UNICEF roll out $1M project to fight COVID-19 in BARMM
KORONADAL CITY (MindaNews / 14 October) – The United Kingdom (UK) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) launched Wednesday a $1-million (about P50 million) project to help combat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). BARMM Interim Chief Minister Ahod Ebrahim, British Embassy in the Philippines Deputy Head […].....»»
Polio immunization reaches 95% of target children in BARMM
MARAWI CITY, Aug. 13 - With the help of key stakeholders, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) has vaccinated a total of 803,516 children against poliovirus, reaching its 95.....»»
Polio immunization reaches 95% of target children in BARMM
MARAWI CITY, Aug. 13 - With the help of key stakeholders, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) has vaccinated a total of 803,516 children against poliovirus, reaching its 95.....»»
Qurbani: An International Charity Work in Present-day BARMM
MIDSAYAP, North Cotabato (MindaNews / 5 Aug) – As a solo parent to nine children, Kabilangan Mamasapalao, 49, considered a family meal involving beef dish to be luxury. For almost a year now, her family whose source of income is farming a small untitled farm lot, never had beef viand in the dining table. However, […].....»»